Hippocrates and the Four Humors Free Essays

Balancing the four humors The Greeks and Romans viewed madness and sickness as an affliction from the gods. Greek physicians, most notably Hippocrates, believed these afflictions we from an imbalance of what he called the four humors. These included blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile. We will write a custom essay sample on Hippocrates and the Four Humors or any similar topic only for you Order Now In many cases many treatments prescribed to balance the humors could be considered precursors to psychotherapy. Hippocrates had his patients’ discuss their dreams to gain insight into their ailments. From these discussions, he would then prescribe such things as rest and relaxation as well as a change of climate, scenery, or diet. Hippocrates believed that removing a mentally ill patient from a tumultuous family life could restore the patient’s mental health. . Most of these theories can be seen later on as suggestive cures for Freud’s patients even though Freud viewed the causes much differently. Physical ailments were treated with a much different approach when compared to mental health problems. To balance the humors, physicians chose a variety of procedures many of which would be considered questionable by today’s standards. If a patient was thought to have an excess amount of blood, the physician would bleed the patient to remove the excess amount. When a patient was thought to have too much phlegm and was lethargic, physicians would prescribe a diet high on citrus fruits. Even today elderly patients who have chronic fatigue are given shots of vitamin B-12 which can be found in citrus fruits and chronically ill people are suggested to increase their vitamin C intake which also can be found in citrus fruits. How to cite Hippocrates and the Four Humors, Essay examples

Irony in A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift free essay sample

This paper shows how the author of the book utilizes irony as a tool to make the absurd a possibility. This paper describes how the author takes irony to the extreme. Rather than write a direct essay criticizing Irelands treatment of its poor, Swift realizes that irony and parody are much more effective tools. Consequently, he develops an absolutely absurd solution to Irelands poverty problem and bends reason to persuade his readers directly that his proposal that Irelands wealthy eat the poor babies is a possible one, and indirectly that Irelands treatment of the poor may as well be cannibalistic in its cruelty. This is arguably the most successful passage in the piece. In one fell swoop, Swift professes his sincerity in suggesting that eating babies would give pleasure to the rich and that Swift himself is exempt from this proposal. He does this by combining the reasoning device of sincerity discussed above with another example of lulling the reader into submission: the public good of the country, advancing the trade, providing for infants and relieving the poor are all worthy goals to attain. We will write a custom essay sample on Irony in A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But Swift tacks on giving some pleasure to the rich to the end of that list, and as readers, we at first swallow that benefit as well, but on a double-take, realize that giving pleasure to the rich is not one of our duties, it just seems that it is given societys ills.

Scarlet Letter Chapter Commentary Practice Essay Example For Students

Scarlet Letter Chapter Commentary Practice Essay The wistful and paranoid tones in Chapter 22 of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter reflects Hester Prynnes optimism in the success of her escape to the Old World, but in turn her constant fear of all the effort being undone by outside forces. Hester is hopeful that Minister Dimmesdale and she, along with their daughter Pearl, will be able to make a new life for themselves in England, because of their previous encounter in the woods the other day. Her confidence in the preparation is waning due to the interference of Roger Chillingsworth, her husband, and a conversation with Mistress Hibbins on Election Day. The authors diction enlightens the reader to the elaborate disintegration of Hesters positive outlook on the upcoming journey to break away from the unchanging Puritan systematical way of life. At the final hour of Hesters residence in New England, she, in conjunction with Pearl, has a feeling of dread inspired by the remoteness and intangibility that Reverend Dimmesdale exhibits while in the procession. Soon the reunited family is to board a ship, setting sail to a fresh start at life as a whole unit. When the holy reverend appears, Hester and Pearl are moved to a state of unease at his isolated and otherworldly appearance. In Pearls account of her interaction with the swarthy-cheeked wild of the ocean, Hester is convinced that a tempestuous tide has arrived to rob her of the chance at experiencing a shimmer of sunshine. Pearl returns to her mother after running off, relaying a message from the shipmaster. The underlining implications of the message, assures her that an uncontrollable road block will prevent her opportunity at happiness. The authors detail illuminates Hesters transfixion on the expression that her lover Dimmesdale demonstrates while in the Election Day parade. Hester Prynne steadfastly from her position at the foot of the scaffold as the minister moved onward, and with an unaccustomed force in the procession. From the area in which she was punished for her sin, Hester looks upon the reverend with full undivided attention. Thus, noticing the zombie-like manner that he takes on as he continues on in the march. She tries to gain a glance of recognition from the man moving proudly past her station, but fails to see a resemblance between him and the man who she had hand in hand with in the forest. Just a while ago this man of great importance accompanied her in the wood and shared a romantic moment. Nonetheless, he is presently walking with a head held high past her, and makes no movement to provide a signal of acknowledgement in regards to their relationship. In the short time that this event occurs, Hester is slowly becoming persuaded by her own interpretation of Dimmesdales mood, that the moment shared in the woods must have been an illusion. The third-person omniscient point of view projects the spectators curiosity that afternoon and aids in the buildup to the climax of the novel. In the beginning of the chapter, the advance of the procession of magistrates and citizens has began, during which each individual member of the e spectators observes the young minister proceeding with strength not of the body. The reader is pulled into the grand festivities by the grandeur that the march is described as. All of the townspeople, including Hester and her child, are curious as to the sudden transformation of the successful reverend. The man has pep in his step and has no hand clutched to his heart. Pearls message from the seafaring , an encounter with Mistress Hibbins that was arrayed in great magnificence and the sudden interest in the brilliantly embroidered badge is a warning of things to come. The systematic collapse of Hesters idea of running away into the sunset with lover and child in tow is explained in the interference of Chillingsworth and interaction with Mistress Hibbins. The reader is to take the turn of interest in the festivities to Mrs. Prynnes breast as an implication that she is not to be liberated from the scarlet abomination, contrary to her earlier aspirations. The third-person omniscient view provides the reader with a good basis of understanding of the conditions that will lead to the climax and conclusion of the story. .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31 , .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31 .postImageUrl , .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31 , .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31:hover , .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31:visited , .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31:active { border:0!important; } .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31:active , .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31 .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua5f6ed7f297f4330bed61f12ecd09e31:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analyse the various forms of prejudice you encounter in the novel EssayThe organization moves from excitement to energy and finally to resignation in this piece. In the beginning, the whole focus is mainly on the congregation of people to observe the special parade. The heightened jovial atmosphere contrasts with the inner turmoil of the main characters present. The author uses this claustrophobic inducing atmosphere to push the characters into further internalizing their thoughts, with the exception of Pearl, for the sake of public reception. In the middle, Pearl and Minister Dimmesdale exert some power over Hester. The little imp, Pearl, escapes her mother in a fit of un controllable freewill, meanwhile the priest, through his way with words, grounds Hester to her listening post, unaware in the slightest of her disappearance. T he author emphasizes the dominance that Hester Prynnes closes loved ones had over her own will in preparation for the chapters finish. In the end, Hester yields to Chillingsworths plan to upset the journey to England and the curious gaze of townspeople and traveler alike on her brand of shame. She resentfully acknowledges the implications that her husbands presence would have on the trip and therefore has finally succumbed to the thought of the letter staying forever. The author includes Hesters calculations as a rebuffing of any of the readers thoughts that this story would be completed with a happy ending. As the chapter closes, the main concern is the scarlet letter and the effect that its revelation later would have on everyone involved.

M.C. Eschers Relativity Artwok free essay sample

The first element used in this artwork is value this is shown in different shades but median value is the majority of this artwork. The second element is shape, this artwork uses many geometric shapes and very few organic. The last element I will mention is space, this artwork has no one object in front of the other and there also seems to be no negative space in the artwork. The first principle I will point out is the use of movement, this artwork at first moves yours eyes to the center of the piece even though there is not a lot of detail to the center.The second principle is balance, this art work is asymmetrical because there is no way to divided the artwork so it is equal drawings on both side, however the artwork does not seem to have one side heaver then the other. The last principle I want to point out is the artwork’s use of proportion, everything in this artwork seems to have equal proportion to one another in the sense that no one thing seems to have more oven an im portance then another. We will write a custom essay sample on M.C. Eschers Relativity Artwok or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Interpret: I believe that the artist was trying to get the point across that life is always crazy and everyone shares the same path that connects and intertwines. I can think this because of two reasons, the first reason is because the title of the art work is relativity which makes me think that there is no one thing more important than another which is reinforced by the fact everything has an equal proportion to it.The second reason is because there are faceless people sitting down for dinner and a faceless couple walking together which makes me think the artist was trying to imply the average thing that could happen in the a person’s everyday life. Judge: I believe that this artwork can be considered either formalism or emotionalism. Both sides can be defended because M. C. Escher did use many elements and principles in an unusual way, however it did bring out an emotion in me and made me really think about the message behind the artwork.

Writing a Topic For Technology Essay

Writing a Topic For Technology EssayWriting a topic for technology essay is quite different from writing a general essay. The first thing you should learn is the importance of appropriate and careful keyword research. By using these keywords effectively in your topic, you will surely get a lot of responses. But for you to be able to build your knowledge, it is essential to do proper research before the writing your essays.You should never make the mistakes of just stating what you know without making the necessary details clear. You should also provide enough information to avoid the information overload. But at the same time, you should always add a note to your topic so that you can add your own opinion on the topic.A good topic is quite complicated. Therefore, you need to take some time to think about what you are going to write. As a matter of fact, your topic for technology essay is not an easy task.Nowadays, technological issues are becoming very prominent in the society. The u sual example is the smart phone. Nowadays, almost every family has a smart phone. In order to include this, you need to write a topic for technology essay.Although some people may think that 'What's the technology?' is a simple question, but if you consider a few things, it might be easy to answer. First of all, it is based on information that is written down. Therefore, writing a topic for technology might be a bit difficult.Writing a topic for technology essay is also determined by the topic. There are many topics that are based on general information. However, you can also find a topic based on specific technologies that are related to various fields.You must also know that it is easier to write a particular topic than other topics. This is because of the fact that it has many variations. This is probably the reason why many people start out their topic for technology essay with the general theme. They usually get stuck because they cannot figure out what to write down.Therefore, it is essential for you to learn more about technological issues and technology in general before you start writing your topic for technology essay. By doing this, you will be able to write an essay that will surely attract people.

Competition in Energy Drinks, Sports Drinks Vitamin Enhanced Beverages †Alternative Beverage Industry

Background material The soft drink industry has been dominated by some major companies like the Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo. Prior to the 21st century, these companies concentrated in the processing of carbonated drinks. The drinks had an exceptionally high demand and companies that processed such drinks flourished by making enormous sales.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Competition in Energy Drinks, Sports Drinks Vitamin Enhanced Beverages – Alternative Beverage Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, as consumers have been informed on the dangers or health risks associated with the consumption of carbonated drinks, they have shifted their attentions to other drinks. As the demand for soft drinks continued to rise, dominant companies took advantage of this and hiked the prices. All these contributed to a shift in consumption of the drinks as consumers sought for alternative drinks. Therefor e, alternative drinks came not only as an option, but also as a change in strategy for beverage companies to address the needs of customers (Gamble, 2012). From the year 2000, the alternative beverage market has been extremely active with many companies coming into the alternative beverage industry. However, the international market for alternative beverages was immensely affected by the economic recession of 2008 – 2009. The United States, which is the main market for the alternative drinks, recorded a significant drop in the sale of alternative beverages and drinks. There was a 12.3 per cent drop in the sale of sports drinks between 2008 and 2009. During the same period, vitamin-enhanced waters recorded a 12.5 percent decline in sales. It is only the energy drinks which recorded a rise in sales during the recession period. The sales rose by 0.2 per cent (Gamble, 2012). Beverage producing companies capitalized fully on the demand growth by extending their products. Many comp anies have been developing new products, as well as diversifying their existing products so as to capture a bigger share of the market. Beverage companies sought to further extend and venture into the manufacture and processing of relaxation drinks to address the needs of the depressed people. Therefore, the alternative beverage industry has been marked with high scale competition. There exist too many alternative beverages and drinks in the market now (Katz, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The major strategy of the beverage companies has been to diversify and make enormous extension of their brands in the market. Increased competition has resulted in unhealthy or unethical business practices within the alternative beverage and drinks industry. Market capture and expansion has been the main objective of the beverage companies. They do not pay much attention to the asp ects of sustainability in the market. A number of companies have been receiving criticism owing to the effects of their products to the health of consumers. Some products like the beverages with high caffeine content were critiqued for promoting unhealthy consumption patterns. Companies do not let the consumers know the patterns of consuming these beverages and drinks. Some companies do not expose the contents and the side effects of these contents to the consumers. Physicians have been warning consumers of the dangers associated with some of the ingredients in these drinks like kava and melatonin (Gamble, 2012). The global beverage industry is still projected to grow as the beverage companies are sprouting and finding new markets across the globe. Therefore, better strategies have to be adopted by the companies in the beverage industry. This will assure that these companies achieve market sustainability (Gamble, 2012). Strategy identification in the alternative beverage industry Fo r a company to beat the competition in the market, it must first understand and pursue a strategy. The company must understand the industry in which it is competing as this is the main source of competition. Also, a company has to know all the rules that are governing competition within the industry. Notably, there have been many players in the beverage industry. Each of the major companies in the industry has its own way of enhancing its competitive advantage. However, since these companies are operating in the same industry, they tend to use almost similar strategies with only slight differences (Gamble, 2012). There are different approaches or strategies to competition. The five main generic strategies to competition are focused low-cost strategy, focused broad differentiation strategy, a market niche strategy based on low cost. Others are a focused market strategy that is based on differentiation and a best-cost provider strategy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sam ple on Competition in Energy Drinks, Sports Drinks Vitamin Enhanced Beverages – Alternative Beverage Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some companies do apply a mix of these strategies. It is advisable for companies to choose and pursue a single strategy. The pursuance of one policy helps in easing the positioning of a company. This helps in eliminating the complexities that may arise from integrating the varied strategies (Katz, 2010). Major firms in the alternative beverage industry have been applying most of these strategies in order to enhance their performance in the market (Gamble, 2012). The Coca-Cola Company stands out as one of the oldest company in the soft drink industry. Also, the company is ranked as one of the best performing companies in the industry. In the year 2009, the company was the best manufacturer and distributor of soft drinks within the global market. Coca-Cola has a very wide market with diff erent brands. Brand extension is the major strategy of competition for the company. It has the widest distribution network with its plants located in over 200 countries globally. The Coca-Cola brand has been very helpful to the company. It positioned the company in the wider market enabling it to enter alternative beverages into the market effectively. With its new and high quality brands of alternative drinks, Coca-Cola has continued to maintain a competitive position (Gamble, 2012). Similar to Coca-Cola, PepsiCo has a number of popular products like Pepsi. The company has employed several competitive strategies to survive in the competitive alternative beverage and drink industry. One of the key competitive strategies has been brand-extension and brand-diversification. PepsiCo has established itself in the market as a company that has quality products. The company is creative and has been coming up with different products that are filing the market and making it a strong player (S hankar Carpenter, 2012). As one of the biggest beverage companies, PepsiCo noted this demand and ventured into processing the different brands. Some of its products were rated the best in the industry in the year 2010. There are various advantages associated with broad brand distribution. However, what stands out is that this form of distribution provides a wide range of options for customers. The company has further expanded these brands into different flavors. Brand differentiation and extension has been the leading force behind the organization’s performance in a competitive industry (Katz, 2010). Hansen Natural Corporation has ben dealing in the manufacture of alternative beverages for a long time. The company sales have been growing in the recent years. This growth is equated to the launch of several other beverages by the company from the beginning of the year 2002. The company has adopted an aggressive differentiation strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from coming up with many brands of products and taking them to market, the company also uses price as a means of differentiating its products in the market. In the year 2002, the company decided to lower the prices of its products with the price of Red Bull products. In-store promotions have also been extensively used by the company in familiarizing its products to customers. The company uses creative promotional strategies. They promote their products in the events that they sponsor for instance sporting events and art and music concerts (Gamble, 2012). Red Bull GmbH has been one of the leading companies in the processing of soft drinks in the beverage industry. The company concentrated in the manufacture of beverage drinks since its inception. This explains why the company is a strong force in the industry. Whereas other companies have diversified and produces products in different categories within the industry, Red Bull has concentrated in one lane of products. The concent ration in these products has made the company a master in such products. However, all other companies in the industry have been diversifying their products and even becoming good producers of sports drinks. This competitive strategy is not very favorable in an industry which has many players. Dependence on a single product is highly risky for a company. The company is bound to flop in the event other companies develop stronger substitutes (Trigg, Himmelweit Simonetti, 2002). The alternative beverage industry has been marked with competition. Companies in the industry are using almost similar strategies of competition. With products in the industry being close substitutes, broad differentiation strategies are the main focus of the companies. Most of the main firms in the industry are coming up with more products so as to fill and dominate the market. In this aspect of differentiation, quality is also playing out as an important element of differentiation. Some companies are earning fame in the industry because of the quality of their substitute products (Thompson, Gamble Strickland, 2006). Analysis of performance of the broad differentiation strategy by major firms in the alternative beverage industry Just like many other strategies, differentiation strategies are aimed at maximizing profits in companies. It enables firms to raise the unit of sales, gain the loyalty from their customers, and commanding a premium price for company products. When this has been achieved, the company gains competitive advantage over its competitors in the market (Shankar Carpenter, 2012). PepsiCo gained access into the alternative beverage market by virtue of having dealt in the soft drink industry for a long time. The broad brand differentiation strategy has been argued to be the main reason why the company has been ranked first in the alternative beverage industry globally (Thompson, Gamble Strickland, 2006). PepsiCo has been remarkably innovative knowing the amount of effort s that are being employed by its competitors like Coca-Cola and Red Bull. The company formed vast distribution systems for its carbonated soft drinks like Pepsi-Colas. As it introduced its new brands of the alternative beverages, it ensured that the new brands were found where in the distribution centers for its famous brands. Therefore, as people purchased these products, they came across the new products. PepsiCo has over one hundred sub–brands of brands in the market that have been developed from the main brands. The first aspect of differentiation in the company was the venturing into the production of alternative beverage drinks. At one point, PepsiCo has managed to come up with over 12 different flavors of products from a single product. There are different methods or approaches of differentiating products in a competitive market (Gamble, 2012). Differentiation can focus on either the main products or even on other aspects of product marketing like pricing and other mar keting approaches (Keller, 1998). PepsiCo has concentrated much on diversifying its alternative beverage drinks. This forms the core of its differentiation strategy. The company has many alternative beverage drinks in the market. This means that the company attests to the differing tests of customers. This also aids the company to have a wider market relative to its competitors, and thus a competitive advantage to PepsiCo. A company can choose to pursue brand differentiation in multiple ways. This gives the company a stronger platform on which to compete with its competitors. However, it is suitable for a company to identify its strong pointer in differentiation as this will serve the company best when competitive pressures mount (Kotler Pförtsch, 2006). Differentiation is an extremely broad strategy. For a company to realize the benefits of differentiation strategy, it has to incorporate differentiation activities in its supply chain. A strong and differentiated supply chain e nsures that products reach customers in time and required qualities and quantities (Thompson, Gamble Strickland, 2006). PepsiCo has done well in sustaining its supply chain by enhancing its distribution channels and points. Its products are easily found in the market. This boosts the sale of the products. Research and development have also helped the company in its initiatives of brand diversity. With a significant number of products in the market, the company has to shift its attention to active marketing practices like advertising and promotional activities. There are many products from the company that are not yet known by many potential customers. The brands that have been developed in the recent years need to be made known to the potential customers of the company (Gamble, 2012). Recommendations for future decisions for a new company in the industry Companies that are aiming to venture into this industry have to be extremely creative. Nonetheless, with many customers, this ind ustry is highly saturated with master companies. The first thing for a new company will be to assess the industry in terms of the main companies operating in the industry and strategies that they use. The attractiveness of a firm in any industry is the attractiveness of the industry. Industry attractiveness is determined by the profits that are being made by the firms in the industry (Porter, 1998). The new firm must also be familiar with the rules that govern competition in the industry. According to Porter (1998), the rules are to be found in the five forces of competition. These are competition for new entrants, threat of substitutes, the buyers and their bargaining power, the bargaining power of suppliers and rivalry in the industry. The most compelling force in the beverage industry is the issue of the threat posed by substitute products and rivalry among the firms. When a company chooses to pursue a certain competitive strategy, it does not imply that the company should work w ith the strategy in an isolated manner. Strategies do not work in isolation just as it is in the business. Other strategies have to be incorporated within the main competitive strategy to make it work efficiently. Each strategy has its advantages, as well as disadvantages to the company. Therefore, the company must ensure that it maximizes on the strengths of a strategy. Capitalization on the strengths of a strategy helps in eliminating the negative effects of a strategy. The broad brand differentiation strategies have been applied in greater heights. Ii is more risky for a new firm to concentrate on a single strategy in a market that has highly volatile activities (Thompson, Gamble Strickland, 2006). The company has to monitor the different companies and capitalize on the aspects of weakness in the competitors. As a company develops products in the market, it has to monitor competition both from within and without the organization. The company must fully understand its competitors so that it can choose the best strategies to out-compete them. As a market leader, a company is always prone to scrutiny from other firms (Yoffie Kwak, 2001). The adoption of blue ocean market strategy could also be favorable to the new company. The beverage industry is marked by similar products with only slight differences in flavor. This can be effectively applied in marketing by choosing inventive strategies, which will help the company set itself above the other companies. The strategy chosen by the company has to be integrative basing on the assessment done to the strategies of the other companies already in the industry (Kim Mauborgne, 2005). The new entrant has to adopt defensive strategies as it enters the market in the first time. Open competitive strategies will then be applied when the company has attained a significant market share. This is because the activities of the company can be influenced be put to jeopardy by the actions of the smaller (Thompson, Gamble Stri ckland, 2006). References Gamble, J. E. (2012). Competition in Energy Drinks, Sports Drinks, Vitamin Enhanced Beverages. Web. Katz, J. S. (2010). Competing for global dominance: Survival in a changing world. Silicon Valley, CA: Superstar Press. Keller, K. L. (1998). Strategic brand management: Building, measuring and managing brand equity. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. Kim, W.C. Mauborgne, R. (2005). Blue ocean strategy: How to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press. Kotler, P. Pförtsch, W. A. (2006). B2B brand management: With 7 tables. Berlin: Springer. Porter, M.E. (1998). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance: with a New Introduction. New York: Simon and Schuker Inc. Shankar, V. Carpenter, G.S. (2012). Handbook of marketing strategy. Cheltenham [etc.: Elgar. Thompson, A. A., Gamble, J. Strickland, A. J. (2006). Strategy: Core concepts, analytical tools, read ings. Boston, Mass: McGraw-Hill. Trigg, A., Himmelweit, S. Simonetti, R. (2002). Microeconomics: Neoclassical and institutionalist perspectives on economic behavior. London: Thomson. Yoffie, D. B., Kwak, M. (2001). Judo strategy: Turning your competitors’ strength to your advantage. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press. 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Geothermal Energy Essays - Geothermal Energy, Alternative Energy

Geothermal Energy Geothermal energy represents the inner heat of the earth, produced largely by the decay of radioactive elements in the mantle and center. The three ways that the heat is found is both wet and dry steam (wet steam has drops of water in it), hot water and dry volcanic rocks. We know that the temperature of the earth at depths of 25 to 50 km range from 200`C to 1000`C. There are areas of the earth where local concentrations of heat occur, just as mineral concentrations do. Most of these are located along oceanic ridges and continental rifts, such as the ?Ring of Fire'. Geothermal energy is not free from environmental problems. The steam contains large amounts of hydrogen sulphide with its smell of rotten eggs, and both steam and hot water contain substantial amounts of dissolved minerals, many of which are poisonous to the aquatic life in the streams and rivers into which they are eventually discharged. Also, the removal of steam or water causes the earth to subside in that region. Geothermal energy was first used in the era of the ancient Roman bath house, in which they bathed in hot salt springs. Even though the Romans found an easy way to use geothermal energy, and we still enjoy natural hot springs, the process of removing geothermal energy from the earth to use it efficiently is rather difficult. The only three ways to use geothermal energy is for hot water, space heating and generating electricity. In order to turn geothermal energy into electricity it must be brought up from the earth within a metal cased borehole that was driven deep into the naturally hot ground and put through a geothermal power station, (see diagram). The high pressure steam for these wells is used to drive turbines to generate 300 million kilowatts of electricity each year. Which if you compare all the power that the world produces from all the geothermal power plants, in 1985, to that of one average nuclear power plant the geothermal power will not yet compare. Due to the acid gases in the steam delicate machinery was getting damaged. The hot water is corrosive and eating away at the pipes and expensive equipment making it even harder to removing it from the earth. The problem was solved by using the acid steam to heat acid-free water. This provided clean steam that would not damage the machinery. As a bonus, useful by-products were extracted from the acid steam, including boric acid, ammonia and carbon dioxide. The possibility of tapping the heat energy stored in subsurface rocks is also being considered. The plan is to pump water into such regions by means of deep wells, and then pump the heated water back to the surface. One of the major problems is the poor thermal conductivity of rocks, and it is thus very desirable to have hot rocks that lie at relatively shallow depths. Bibliography Booth, Basil. Volcanoes and Earthquakes. East Sussex, Wayland Ltd., 1988 Boyle, Desmond. Energy. Morristown, Macdonald Education Ltd., 1980. Doty, Roy. Where are you going with that Energy?. Garden City, Doubleday & Company Inc., 1922. McClory, Paul. Focus on Alternative Energy. East Sussex, Wayland Ltd., 1985. Siddiqi, Toufiq. World Energy. Artarmon, Holt-Saunders Pty. Ltd., 1976. Smith, Norman. Energy isn't easy. Toronto, General Publishing Co. Ltd., 1984. Thomas, John. The Quest for Fuel. East Sussex, Wayland Ltd., 1978.