Banning Smoking On Ohio University s Campus - 833 Words

Banning Smoking on Ohio University’s Campus Ohio University president, Roderick McDavis stated that â€Å"We will join more than 1,000 campuses nationwide who ban the use of tobacco on their campuses,†(Lee). Banning smoking will help make the campus area healthy by encouraging the smokers to quit smoking, Ohio University decided to ban smoking on any campus property. The University campus will begin the Smoke and Tobacco-Free Initiative policy in August 2015. The policy will impose by using a community model† (Hill, 2015). This means that each member at Ohio University will be responsible for endorsing the policy. Moreover, Ohio University hopes the campus becomes healthier without tobacco. This policy will affect many on Ohio University’s campus. However, the ban on smoking will be ineffective for many reasons. First, according to a Tobacco-Free Initiative flyer, in order to ban tobacco, smokers should be given the opportunity to be warned, given advice, or asked if they are interested in tobacco or not. When the Smoke and Tobacco-Free Initiative policy is enacted, the smokers may pull themselves from that habit without any force. However, this may be rare and therefore may not be a success. The policy states, â€Å"Students and staff will be encouraged to remind anyone seen smoking on campus about the policy†(Hill, 2015), however application of this is simple not practical. For example, I am not a smoker, but I am too shy, like many of my peers, to approach a smoker and remindShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesIntroduction to Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition RoxyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesupdated: April 26, 2016 Logical Reasoning Bradley H. Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions:

How Does “Strategic Culture” Explains The Patterns Of State

How does â€Å"strategic culture† explains the patterns of state behavior in three cases: the United States, China, and Iran. What are the causal mechanisms (i.e. cause-effect explanations) in these cases? Is â€Å"strategic culture† a cause of the observed patterns? Or is other cause (e.g. hierarchy, power structure, etc.)? Strategic culture allows scholars for the opportunity to recognize, analyze and explain patterns of continuity and change when it comes to the reasons behind state behaviors in the international system. Quite regularly, such behaviors are deeply intertwined with the state’s historical propensity to maintain its observed spheres of influence. Strategic Culture has shown to leave lasting legacies in the way states develop their†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦Thus, in order for the United States to pursue war, the threat must be directly related to the survival of the country or be characterized as â€Å"evil incarnate†Ã¢â‚¬â€as was fascism in World War II, communism in the Cold War, and terrorism during the current war on terror...† (Howard, 9.) United States strategic culture continues to be characterized by positive and idealist views in the evolution of human relationships. As a result of United States strategic culture and views on war, the world ’s hegemon has developed great skills at problem solving since they are always looking for quick and effective solutions to international conflicts, as a way to minimize the cost of lives and resources, while maintain their hegemonic power. It could be said that the United States looks at international relations as a transaction, by focusing on immediate results. In the case of China their history and culture seems to be rooted as well when it comes to their strategic thinking. Geographically China could be identified as a continental power, who throughout history has continue to be focus in the security and strength of their own territory, instead of looking for territorial expansions or conquests. Chinese strategic culture appears toShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Expectations Regarding Public Education1685 Words   |  7 Pagesa specific time. As Americans become more informed (educated), their opinions, ideas, and thinking change. America’s expectations concerning public education have evolved as well. The demands that are placed on states, districts, and leadership are becoming more intense; yet, our culture still believes that public education is faltering. Educating, empowering, and engaging students to be successful in a global, dynamic world is an overarching theme in the 21st century. However, our curricular standardsRead MoreInformation Systems Strategic Planning Risk And Performance Management942 Words   |  4 PagesInformation Systems Strategic Planning Risk Performance David Nagus Grantham University Professor Duhn Sept 3, 2015 1. State a simple definition of performance management. Performance management is a process that provides feedback and accountability and also documentation for performance outcomes. It is a forum to help employees channel their talents toward organizational goals. 2. State the three major strategic choices facing firms. Globalization, Competition, Out Sourcing 3. Explain the seven majorRead MoreTen Schools of Thoughts of Strategic Management1641 Words   |  7 PagesTOPIC: TEN SCHOOL OF THOUGHT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT TEN SCHOOL OF THOUGHT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 1. The Design School. This school sees strategy formation as a process of conception. Approach: Clear and unique strategies are formulated in a deliberate process. In this process, the internal situation of the organization is matched to the external situation of the environment. Basis: Architecture as a metaphor. In short: Fit! Establish fit! Contributions: Order. Reduced ambiguity. SimplicityRead MoreAnalysis Of Samuel Huntingtons Clash Of Civilizations And The Remaking Of The World Order1018 Words   |  5 PagesWorld Order, Samuel Huntington states â€Å"The most important distinctions among peoples are no longer ideological, political, or economic. They are cultural†. This is his main argument throughout this book. New patterns of distinctions and conflict will occur along boundaries of different cultures. However, patterns of cohesion will be found within the cultural boundaries. Huntington analyzes the resurgence of post-cold war cultural identities. He does this in order to explain the prevailing and futureRead MoreThe Success Of The Training Program1 606 Words   |  7 Pagestraining programs and the extent to which it will impact the organization relies on some internal elements like culture. As Alvesson (2013, pg.1) states, ‘how people think, feel, value and act is guided by ideas, meanings and beliefs of a cultural (socially shared) nature’ and can have a direct impact on the individuals and the organizations’ performance and goals. Noticeably, organizational culture can have an influence on the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of a training and development program. WithRead MoreEssay Organizational Behavior1057 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational culture: One of the primary responsibilities for management is to create and maintain the organizational characteristics that both reward and encourage a collective effort. There is no single definition for what organizational culture really is. Organizational culture has been viewed as so important to the organization that, in the long run, it may be the one decisive influence for the either the survival or fall of the organization (Hofstede 1998a, 488). Organizational culture is typicallyRead MoreThe White House Restaurant1178 Words   |  5 Pagesspecial occasions such as birthday or anniversaries. Bartol et al (2011, p.76) states that customers are important in determining organization success or failure. For example, the most famous fine dining restaurant in Wellington called Logan Brown offers affordable lunch to respond the customer needs. The White House restaurant must be aware of competitor’s strategies and customer’s needs more deeply. 2.1.2 The Culture The owner freely communicates with employees and vice versa, so there is a solidRead MorePerceived Effectiveness Of Influence Tactics Of The United States And China1507 Words   |  7 Pages Perceived Effectiveness of Influence Tactics in the United States and China is a quantitative research study written by Ping Ping Fu from Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Gary Yukl from State University of New York at Albany. This research study is published in a book named The Leadership Quarterly. INTRODUCTION Ping Ping Fu and Gary Yukl believed that people from different cultures deal with the difficulties of exercising influence differently. According to Smith and Peterson, to understandRead MoreCode of Ethics Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesorganization’s goals, how are they tied to its ethical principles, and the role and importance of the corporation’s ethical values† (University of Phoenix, 2012, Week Three Supplement). Team A will also specify â€Å"what the relationship between the organization’s culture and ethical decision-making is and why is it important that the organization’s ethical values support Team As ethical values† (University of Phoenix, 2012, Week Three Supplement, see above)? In addition, Team A will explain the social responsibilityRead MoreInternational Cultural Difference Of Business Culture1234 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Culture is the social behaviour and integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behaviour that depends upon the capacity fro learning and transmitting knowledge to future generations It is the set of values, goals and practices that characterise an organisation A key to being successful in business internationally is to understand the role of culture in international business.cultural differences will have a direct impact on your profitability in any sectors

Dulce Et Decorum Est The Charge Of The Light Brigade -...

War is a subject that often stirs upon many emotions with those directly or indirectly involved. It may bring tears, memories of suffering and loneliness, struggles, or victories. Such disturbance of peace has wounded and killed many souls. It is on the battlefield we see the most hideous side of human nature, for every soldiers only objective on the battlefield is to survive and win. Many people have opposing views about wars which may have been developed over time based on many factors such as family upbringing, culture, political views, or personal experiences. In the two poems studied, Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and Alfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, a quotation in Tennysons poem elevates the experience of war as soldiers with heightened spirits marched rhythmically closer toward their opponents despite the possibility of demise, Half a league half a leagu e, Half a league onward, All in the valley of Death Rode the six hundred: ‘Forward, the Light Brigade! Charge for the guns, he said: Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred. (Tennyson, 1-8) The use of repetition in this quotation assisted in giving a sense of anticipation as well as creating a vivid imagery of the bravery of the soldiers, and building up tension as they move forward into the valley of Death. Not only do Owens and Tennysons depictions of war differ immensely, their views on a soldiers deaths hold opposing views as well. Owen describes the unsightly view of the soldiers death with a variety of metaphors and similes while Tennyson portrays a soldiers death as a glorifying and honourable event that would be perpetually celebrated. Owens poem conveys the distress of witnessing a soldiers death with tremendous details, And watch the white eyes writhing in his eyes, His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin; If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs, Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues. (Owen, 19-24) Once again OwenShow MoreRelatedDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge of the Light Brigade - Poem Comparing and Contrasting Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesMany people have opposing views about wars which may have been developed over time based on many factors such as family upbringing, culture, political views, or personal experiences. In the two poems studied, Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and Alfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. In the former, Owen describes war as a horrifying and inglorious event with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatinglyRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est And The Charge Of The Light Brigade740 Words   |  3 PagesExperience of Battle In this essay, I will be analyzing the two different poems â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"The charge of the Light Brigade†. While reading and analyzing these poems I will be comparing and contrasting the difference between the two poems and also determining the poet’s literary devices to make the point of both authors. War is a sorted out exertion by a legislature or other vast association to stop or annihilation something that is seen as perilous or awful. It is for the mostRead MoreThe Tradition Of War Poetry Essay2221 Words   |  9 Pages The Tradition Of War Poetry By comparing and contrasting a selection of war poems consider the ways in which attitudes to war have been explored and expressed. When considering poetry written post 1900 concentrate on a selection of poems written by Wilfred Owen. Humans have turned to poetry in many different instances as a way of expressing them selves, using the best combination of words, in the best order to express exactly how they are feeling at that moment.

Korean And Vietnam Wars Essay - 2488 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Korean War would be a radical step in fighting wars, as well as the feelings people had toward the war. All wars in American History fought before the Korean War were based on either national survival or the gain of territory. A strong conflict was created between the Soviet Union and the United States. From this conflict, tension was so strong that wars were fougt in the midst of this Cold War. The Korean War was the first America ever waged that was not fought for national survival, for territory, for manifest destiny or for hegemony. Korea was the first ideological war;quot; (Coppel, 505). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;For example the American revolution was based on national survival. The people†¦show more content†¦The United States joined the war effort in order to defend their country at first, then we continued the war. The Korean and Vietnam wars were the next two wars in American History. They were not fought for either national survival or for a gain in territory. These two wars were unique in that they were fought over a belief in politics rather than the traditional reasons the United States had fought wars in the past. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Korean began in the middle of the Cold War. The war was fought as a result of North Korea invading the South. quot;Large movements of troops, tanks. ordnance and ammunition to the border areas were reported. This was not suspected as a threat of war because it was thought to be a normal aspect of cold war behavior;quot; (Ridgway, 14). When America joined the war under command of General MacArthur, they made a great push North. When they were close to the Yalu River they were orderd to stop and turn around. quot;United States forces were ordered to turn around when they were in visual distance of the Yalu river;quot; (Knox, 439). When China learned of the the position of the Americans they joined the war and pushed to Americans back to the thirtyeighth parallel. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; When China entered the Korean war, the United States had much control over the land around the Yalu River. The main objective of China was to eliminate theShow MoreRelatedKorean and Vietnam Wars2513 Words   |  11 PagesThe Korean War would be a radical step in fighting wars, as well as the feelings people had toward the war. All wars in American History fought before the Korean War were based on either national survival or the gain of territory. A strong conflict was created between the Soviet Union and the United States. From this conflict, tension was so strong that wars were fougt in the midst of this Cold War. The Korean War was the first America ever waged that was not fought for national survival, forRead MoreKorean War On The Vietnam War Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pages The Korean War, which triggered intense conflict between Soviet Union and the United States, was the first â€Å"hot war† in the Cold War era. It altered American Foreign policy from its root and also brought huge change in the international relations. In this paper, the international background of the Korean War and US foreign policy before the Korean War will be explained firstly. Next, the reason, process and aspects of the Korean War will be discussed. After the notice of the background of the KoreanRead MoreSocial Differences Of The Korean War And Vietnam War826 Words   |  4 Pagescause of many wars. These two major wars, the Korean War and the Vietnam War, not only had serious impact within the country, but also give a prime example of how similar and different between the two. Both wars were commenced similarly from its conflict with expansion of a communist government and the involvement of the United States. Differences came from the involvement of the United Nation and the outcome of both wars. The similarity between the two wars is the the factorRead MoreKorean and Vietnam War Comparison Essay2108 Words   |  9 PagesThe Korean and Vietnam war are very similar in that both were the USs attempt to fight communism by waging war in a distant third world country. Both wars were unpopular in the US and both led to a lack of victory. In fact, remarkable similarities exist between the Korean War and the Vietnam War; from the US support of a dictatorial and corrupt anti-communist regime to its conception of communism as a monolithic entity, under which all communist nations were necessarily allies, rather than individualsRead MoreComparison of the Practices and Strategies Utilized in the Korean and Vietnam Wars922 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of the Practices and Strategies Utilized in the Korean and Vietnam Wars Two of the greatest battles which were fought by similar foes were those of the Korean and Vietnamese wars. Both conflicts involved a communist and capitalist participant(s) which had their own ideals and reasons for why to include themselves into such conflicts. There are also other similarities other than the opponents in these wars, such as the military tactics and strategies which wereRead MoreComparing Military Operations In Vietnam War, Persian Gulf War, and Korean War1224 Words   |  5 Pagesdepended upon the overall political and military objectives of each individual conflict. The United States first three hot wars after the end of World War II display the marked difference in US objectives and the operations used to achieve them better than any other modern wars in which American troops participated. By and large the Korean War, Vietnam War, and Persian Gulf War had virtually no similarities, particularly in the ways in which each was fought. These differences lay largely in the technologyRead MoreEssay on Vietnam and Korean Wars Ruined Americas Image566 Words   |  3 PagesThe Vietnam War and Korean War greatly changed America forever. It was the longest war fought in America’s history, lasting from 1950 to 1973. Both of the Wars ruined America’s self-image by waging war against the people of Korea and Vietnam becoming the first time in history the United States failed to accomplish its stated war aims, to preserve a separate, independent, non-communist government. The elections had great effects on the America, as the communist parties of Korea and Vietnam led millionsRead More Evaluating the Success of Americas Policy of Containment of Communism1031 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategy of the US in the early years of the Cold war. The policy was to defeat the Soviet Union by preventing it from expanding the territories under its Communist control or otherwise extending its influence. This, naturally, resulted in strained relations and rivalry between the two superpowers. Despite the many difficulties, American policy of containment during the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War did manage to contain the expansion of CommunismRead MoreThe United Nations949 Words   |  4 Pagesyears following World War II, Korea and Vietnam were controlled by foreign powers, Japan in Korea and France in Vietnam; and once these major powers withdrew both Korea and Vietnam faced the involvement of an impending and neighboring Soviet Union. These two major international conflicts during the twentieth century can be compared and contrasted on four points: the background of the wars, the situation of United States in each war, and the situation during and results each war. Though separated byRead MoreThe United States Of World War II975 Words   |  4 PagesStates of America entered into World War II, because of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (World War II). On December 7, 1941, Japan bombed the American fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (World War II). By the end of the attack, there were 2,403 dead, 188 destroyed planes, and 8 damaged or destroyed battleship s (Attack at Pearl Harbor). Franklin Roosevelt said that American must become â€Å"the great arsenal of democracy† (World War II). America then entered into the war at the Battle of Midway in April 1942

Case study on Management of Teams of company -MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCase study on Management of Teams. Answer: Introduction An IT company has a team of ten members, who work for extremely long hours. Clients who give the projects to this team are from worldwide and this is the reason the employees have to work and make calls even at 2am (Robbins Judge, 2012). The management supervisor of the team has found out that out of the ten employees, four employees are planning to leave the organization and join a rival organization. It is found out that these employees need a hike in their salary. However, due to the budget issues, it is not possible to provide a salary hike to all four of them. The report outlines a brief discussion on the case study on management of a team. The report answers few questions like how interpersonal skills can be used by the management for motivating the team. The report further describes about the two self-management techniques and a customer-relationship management strategy. It also contains two skills of critical thinking and two factors of computational thinking. Discussion Interpersonal Skills and Self-Management Techniques The skills that have the capability to interact and communicate perfectly with other people are known as interpersonal skills. These skills are extremely important for all individuals (Koprowska, 2014). There are several interpersonal skills. However, two skills that would be needed for the management of this case study are the integrity and communication. The description of these skills is as follows: Integrity: The management supervisor of a particular team is responsible for the trust and collaboration within the team (Cheruvelil et al., 2014). The four members of the team are planning to leave the organization. Integrity normally means the honesty and the ability to create a better relationship. It encourages collaboration and the information sharing is facilitated. The management should integrate the entire team. Integrity even provides enormous emotional intelligence. Communication: This is the most important skill required for the management of this team. The management should clearly communicate with those four members. Speaking to someone always clarifies the problem (Koprowska, 2014). The management can solve the problem by communicating with them. The self-management techniques help to keep a team together. The two self-management techniques that can keep this team together are the reality check and disclosure. Reality Check: This technique involves of getting out of the emotional reaction and of giving stress on problems. There are various forms of reality check like using logic, reframing and seeking other perspectives (Cheruvelil et al., 2014). These forms are utilized for worry, anger, grief and sadness. The team members are sad and to some extent angry with the management. Therefore, this would be helpful. Disclosure: When a person is upset on someone or is not happy with someone, the reason should be disclosed immediately (Solove, 2012). This self-management technique will keep all the team members together. Customer-Relationship Management Strategy Customer-Relationship Management is utilized by organizations to maintain their relationship with the customers. This is done by satisfying the customers and fulfilling their demands completely (Wang Feng, 2012). There are various strategies that are used in customer-relationship management. Customer-Relationship management will also be helpful for this particular case study. It should be kept in mind that the lack of motivation in team members should not affect the overall business and the customers (Kumar Reinartz, 2012). Few steps are to be followed before any customer-relation management. The steps for the customer-relationship management for this organization are as follows: a) Setting of Destination: This is the first and the foremost step of CRM. The destination should be clear for the business. b) Prioritize Customers: No matter what happens with the business, the priority should always be the customers (Nguyen Mutum, 2012). The lack of motivation within the employees should not affect the customers. c) Communicate with Employees: There should not be any kind of communication gap between the organization and the customers. d) Change is everything: There should be a constant up gradation in the methodologies of the business. e) Evaluate and Improve: The management of the organization should evaluate and find out the loopholes in their strategy (Wang Feng, 2012). The major loophole for this organization is the lack of motivation in the business. They should focus and improve their strategies. The above-mentioned plan would be helpful and useful for the organization to maintain and improve their customer relationship management. Computational Thinking The process of thinking for formulation of any problem and expression of the solutions in a specific manner that any machine or human being can carry out the problem and solution easily is known as computational thinking (Brennan Resnick, 2012). There are several factors of computational thinking for solving management problems. The four members of the team are planning to leave the organization for the excess working hours and no hike in the salary (Robbins Judge, 2012). The management wants them to stay by applying several strategies. The two factors of computational thinking that should be applied to solve the problem of the leaving of the employees are as follows: a) Logical Reasoning: This is the procedure of utilizing the different steps of methodology, which are done on the basis of mathematical processes and several statements for drawing a conclusion (Aho, 2012). This logical reasoning would help the management to understand the problem of the employees and might be able to stop them from leaving the organization. b) Decomposition: The word decomposition literally means to break down into several parts. The problem should be broken down into smaller parts for better management. This breaking down of the problem would solve the problem easily and smoothly (Brennan Resnick, 2012). The management should break the team into smaller parts so that every smaller part should have a managing body to communicate with them. Critical Thinking The analysis and assessment of a particular problem to make a judgment on that problem is known as critical thinking. This is done to understand the problem completely and finally come out with a judgment (McPeck, 2016). There are several skills that are required for critical thinking. The two skills required for this particular case study are as follows: a) Interpretation: This particular skill helps to get into conclusions on the basis of the information provided (Jackson, 2015). The management of the team should focus on the information that is already provided. Here the information available is that four members are planning to move to a rival organization and they need either shorter working hours or a hike in salary. b) Problem Solving: This is the second most important skill required for critical thinking in this organization (Jackson, 2015). Any problem can be easily solved with the problem solving skill of critical thinking. They should solve the problem with the skill of problem solving. The two ways to motivate the unhappy team members in the organization are as follows: a) Breaking into Groups: Since the issue is the long working hours. The team can be broken into smaller groups so that everyone does not have to work for long works (Robbins Judge, 2012). Rather here should be a flexible working schedule for all the employees. This will help the organization in attending the clients 24*7 and the employees would also be happy. b) Empower Them: Since the company is unable to provide them extra money, they should empower the employees (Shin et al., 2012). This will make them feel important and they will work more for the organization. The above-mentioned two ways would be helpful for the organization for stopping the employees from leaving the team. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that, an IT company has a team of ten members, who work for extremely long hours. Clients who give the projects to this team are from worldwide and this is the reason the employees have to work and make calls even at 2am. This is creating a tremendous reverse motivation for the team as they are becoming tired. The management supervisor of the team has found out that out of the ten employees, four employees are planning to leave the organization and join a rival organization. However, they are unable to increase the salary due to budget issues. The above report provides a brief description on the self-management techniques and interpersonal skills. The report also helps to understand a customer-relationship management plan for the team. The report further gives a detailed description on the two factors of computational factors and two skill of critical thinking for the problem of the team members. It also provides two ways for m otivating the unhappy team members. References Aho, A. V. (2012). Computation and computational thinking.The Computer Journal,55(7), 832-835. Brennan, K., Resnick, M. (2012, April). New frameworks for studying and assessing the development of computational thinking. InProceedings of the 2012 annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Vancouver, Canada(pp. 1-25). Cheruvelil, K. S., Soranno, P. A., Weathers, K. C., Hanson, P. C., Goring, S. J., Filstrup, C. T., Read, E. K. (2014). Creating and maintaining high?performing collaborative research teams: the importance of diversity and interpersonal skills.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,12(1), 31-38. Jackson, S. L. (2015).Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach. Cengage Learning. Koprowska, J. (2014).Communication and interpersonal skills in social work. Learning Matters. Kumar, V., Reinartz, W. (2012).Customer relationship management: Concept, strategy, and tools. Springer Science Business Media. McPeck, J. E. (2016).Critical thinking and education. Routledge. Nguyen, B., Mutum, D. S. (2012). A review of customer relationship management: successes, advances, pitfalls and futures.Business Process Management Journal,18(3), 400-419. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. (2012). Essentials of organizational behavior. Shin, S. J., Kim, T. Y., Lee, J. Y., Bian, L. (2012). Cognitive team diversity and individual team member creativity: A cross-level interaction.Academy of Management Journal,55(1), 197-212. Solove, D. J. (2012). Privacy self-management and the consent dilemma. Wang, Y., Feng, H. (2012). Customer relationship management capabilities: Measurement, antecedents and consequences.Management Decision,50(1), 115-129.

Baseball Is Life Essay Research Paper Baseball free essay sample

Baseball Is Life Essay, Research Paper Baseball Is Life Understanding why we are here on this topographic point called Earth is a enigma. Life has so many obstructions, so many adversities. It is the success that we accomplish that allows us to last ; everyone wants to be the best at what they do. Bing a success shows others that we can make it. We are merely every bit good as the following individual. We are all equal. Life is like baseball. There are your opportunities to acquire a hit and field the ball with flawlessness. Make the best of every opportunity you get because those opportunities may non be at that place the following clip. I made the best of baseball, and it all started in small conference. Through the adversities that I faced I overcame a batch. Baseball has helped me cover with jeer. Peoples will happen something they don? Ts like in an person, and pick it out. We will write a custom essay sample on Baseball Is Life Essay Research Paper Baseball or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Those who mock others have low self-pride, and it makes them experience better to indicate out other? s defects. I got made merriment of in small conference by many people including one parent. I was merely 10 old ages old when all this jeer was taking topographic point. My feelings were evidently hurt. Aching a 10 twelvemonth old? s feeling is downright low. I wanted to be good at baseball, but I was non acquiring my opportunity to play. I practiced and practiced each twenty-four hours. My parents supported me in a heartfelt way. I knew things would acquire better because I wanted them to. Another manner baseball has helped me is that it made me determined. Determination was what I had to seek for deep down indoors. Right before opening twenty-four hours, my gramps passed. I was so close to him ; it hurt me truly bad. I made it a point that I would give my concluding small league twelvemonth, 12 twelvemonth olds, to him. I feel that my gramps watched over me every game. He made me a new participant with a new attitude. I eventually got my opportunity, and made the most of it. I was the first choice overall, and would be the one of the pitching staff. Before I would flip, I would look up into the sky and give a small blink of an eye to my gramps, who was my biggest fan. I neer lost my religion. I received the M.V.P. award that twelvemonth. I struck out 67 of 69 hitters faced along with a reported 77 M.P.H. heater as a 12 twelvemonth old. I was besides the M.V.P. of the all-star squad. I had many 1-hitters, and a no-hitter. All this happened because I neer lost my religion. My parents taught me to besides strive toward your ends, and wear? t allow anyone state you that you that you can? t. Throughout my life I have dealt with so much. Baseball has truly helped me. I used to be the? caprine animal, ? and turned into the? hero, ? overnight as it seemed. Little conference was merely the start ; grade school and high school were merely the same. Faith applies to everything that you do in life. If the person doesn? Ts have belief in who they are, and what they do, they are non traveling to be a success. Believe in yourself, and neer be ashamed of anything. My household has helped me so much. Without my household, I would non be anything because I would hold given up. Being rich and celebrated is what everyone wants as it seems. In world, nevertheless, they merely want to be happy. Right now I am happy, but I can non state if I will be tomorrow. Baseball has helped me cover with people, and to non take things people say earnestly. If I would sit in my room and call everyday that means I gave up. That is non traveling to go on. My ma ever said to ever to my best, and that would be good plenty for her. Tomorrow my life could alter. It may be in a positive manner or a negative manner ; I must be ready for either one. The success I had in baseball is astronomical. However, an hurt a twelvemonth ago destroyed my baseball calling. They said scholarships were waiting for me. I realize what baseball did for me, nevertheless. It non merely maintain me out of problem, but besides gave me self-esteem. Self-esteem is cardinal these yearss. If you truly want something you have to travel out and acquire it. Success will merely come to those whom choose to be successful. I had many frights in life so. I overcame them. Peoples must express joy at fright, and realize they can get the better of it. When I stepped up to the home base, I would hear hoot. Cipher thought I could be the participant I was ; they were incorrect. I neer allow what people said bother me ; it merely made me desire to make better. Baseball was my life, and helped me throughout it.

Marketing for Forex Market of Australia -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMarketing for Forex Market of Australia. Answer: The foreign exchange market of Australia has witnessed huge growth rate in the past years. The foreign exchange market in Australia is the seventh largest market in the whole world. The Australian dollar is the sixth largest traded currency but in the international market. The growth of Australian foreign exchange market is at par in the entire forex market. The share of Australian foreign exchange market has decreased from the past few years. The tariff rate of Australia was lowered so as to allow free trade. This paper will highlight the role of inflation rate and the interest rate in the foreign exchange market of Australia. There were certain new rules which were implemented by the Australian Taxation Office for the determination of foreign exchange policies in Australia. Inflation rate in the Forex Market of Australia Inflation rate and exchange rate of a country are closely related to each other. The inflation rate in Australia was expected to be 1.90 percent by the end of September, 2017. But the inflation rate in Australia stands at 2.20 in the previous quarters. It is also projected to be 2.20 by the end of 2020. There must be much more intervention in the inflation rate so that it might affect the exchange rate. When the inflation rate is soaring, the central bank of Australia will raise the interest rate so that there is slowdown in the economy and the inflation can be brought down at an acceptable range. The Australian exchange rate became flexible during the mid of 1970s. The crawling peg in the exchange rate involved several adjustments in the level of exchange rate. There were also devaluations and revaluations in the exchange rate policy of Australia. The fixed exchange rate policy of Australia made it hard to manage the money supply. The targeted growth in the supply of money is known as monetary targeting and this is followed in Australia. The floating exchange rate policy of Australia has benefited the economy to a large extent. It has provided a barrier against the external shock in terms of trade and thus the economy absorbed the inflationary and the deflationary pressure which affected the exchange rate regime. It also affected the output volatility during the past few years and thus this allowed the Reserve bank to set the monetary policy accordingly (Pagan Wilcox,2015). Interest Rate in the Forex market of Australia As the economy of nation grows over time, the prices of the goods also tend to rise and the consumers are able to spend more of their income. If the interest rate goes drastically high, the borrowed money also becomes expensive. The Central bank of Australia tries to foster growth in the economy by keeping the inflation rate low. In 2009, the credit of United States began to thaw as the economy was bottoming out. In such a situation, The Reserve bank of Australia began increasing their targeted benchmark rate. This led to economic expansion and the foreign investors in Australia needed more Australian dollars to make more investment. The foreign exchange dealers also purchased the Australian and the US dollar in pair and thus this led to anticipated demand of the Australian dollar. The traders earned an additional dividend of 30% when the foreign exchange of Australia has risen. The foreign investors are thus finding less attractive to invest in the Australian economy and they will m ove the fund in other countries to yield better returns (Engel, 2013). Australia is a wealthy economy and it is dependent on the mining and agriculture industry. The non competitive cost and the higher interest rate have made it difficult for the Australian economy to compete with the other countries. This has led to lower demand of Australian demand. The discretionary changes which were made in the Australian dollar in various regimes have made it difficult to offer an efficient barrier against the shocks. This shift in the floating exchange rate of Australia has also contributed to the decline in volatility in the past few years. This has also allowed the Reserve bank of Australia to set the monetary policy of the country a d it will also favor domestic conditions. References Engel, C. (2013).Exchange rates and interest parity(No. w19336). National Bureau of Economic Research. Pagan, A., Wilcox, D. (2015). External ReviewReserve Bank of Australia Economic Group Forecasts and Analysis.report to the Reserve Bank of Australia.

the wars essay hero Essay Example

the wars essay hero Essay himself in danger for the better of Levitt and Poole and showed himself as a loyal, heroic leader. see he is commander, doesnt panic and controls the convoy. quick thinking (witted) tells Poole to use bugle. Robert got off of his horse and struck out onto the fog alone, and commanded Levitt and Poole to stay back until he found the break in the dike. he dangerously put himself at risk; doing what others wont never give up on any difficult situations. C. Point two 1. The second part of the definition of the term. 2. Craters (p. 23- 125) Highlighted his position as commander when ordering them what to do (Get out handkerchiefs and urinate on them). Displays anger and frustration at others unable to do so, due to fear. The concept he learned in chemistry class makes him a hero, as it saved his comrades from being fatally injured by the chlorine gas. ommands everyone to Jump into the crater filled with water and corpses, Soldiers fght for the gas mask and Robert pulls his gun on them, At gun point, Robert orders the soldiers to take out their handkerchiefs, He sacrifices his ask for the man with the two broken legs, Robert mandates the men to urinate on their cloths; he helps one man do so, Robert tells the soldiers to bury their faces in the cloths and put their faces down into the clay. Its the first time Robert sacrifices his mask without knowing if the wetted cloths would work. Strengthens his development to become a leader an d forces quick thinking. shows how Robert Ross progresses as a hero and demonstrates the responsibilities and pressures the war puts on an individual as is can make them think irrationally. It also shows how eamwork is the most valuable tactic in surviving battle. It gives a more visual outlook to the reality Robert experiences in the war as he expresses fear and quick thinking. trust as it demonstrates how trust in yourself, others and methods of survival is critical to moving forward in battle. The fear shown by characters is what forces trust and cooperation with others. All right, he said, you sons-of-bitches do exactly what I say. One of the men began to run. Robert fired. The man fell down but was not hit, Robert having missed him on purpose. Now, he said. If you want to live you have about twenty seconds. Get out your handkerchiefs. (Findley 139). This quote emphasizes the fear and how during war you need to be quick on your feet and always fearful for what is to come. Fo r a moment they ceased to be soldiers and became eight panic-stricken men who were trapped in the bottom of a sink hole, either about to be drowned or smother to death with gas. We will write a custom essay sample on the wars essay hero specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on the wars essay hero specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on the wars essay hero specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Eight men and one mask. Robert had to fght to keep it and he ended up kicking both the living and the dead (Findley 138). This quote emphasizes, that although they are regular men fighting and being strong for their country, they still feel fear and are willing to sabotage other soldiers lives to save their own. But the poor daft crazy was so afraid and so confused that he put the cloth on top of his head (Findley 140). This quote emphasizes how war causes people to lose their sense of rationality and act upon situations in an unusual way because of the extreme pressure to survive. Robert Ross and his fellow soldiers lives are put on the line when they are fac hlorine gas, and as a result they develop trust, cooperation and irrationality. D. Point three 1 . The third part of the definition (if there is one) ed with 2. Shooting Captain Leather to save horses (p. 183- 184)- Bravery shown, Im going to break ranks Leather is insane. Kept running even when barn was burning, Just keep goi ng. If an animal had done this, then shoots Leather as getting up to his feet. Heroic as some would be afraid of their Captains, rather than doing what may be right. Leaders do the right things, managers do things right). Isnt afraid of consequences and ready to step outside of comfort zone Devlin also expressed fears of being reprimanded by Leather, before finally concurring. It cannot be called disobedience to save these animals when theyll be needed, for Gods sake, half-an-hour after this is over. And if we stay here, how can they avoid being killed? (Findley,202) Captain Leather was about to shoot Robert because he did not want him to free up the horses. He was waving the gun in the air and trying to get hrough the circle of horses and mules so that he could draw a bead on Robert. (Findley, 202) The shells eventually killed all the horses and mules. Robert was very enraged. He thinks that it was all Captain Leathers fault so he killed him. He paused for the barest moment looking at the whole scene laid out before him and his anger rose to such a pitch that he feared he was going to go over into madness Leather rose to his knees and began to struggle to his feet. Robert shot him between the eyes. (Findley, 203)

Social Media Crises

Introduction Social medial crises are on the rise in the recent past. The crises have impacted negatively on corporate public relation activities which call for a focus on how best the company can protect itself from the consequences (Owyang, 2011). A case to note as an example involves Nestle Company which recently was confronted by a public relation issues from its activities in the social media (Fantis, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Crises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nestle posted a comment on its facebook wall in relation to the usage of its logo by its fans. In this post that seemed innocent, the company requested its fan not to use the company’s logo that had been altered, on their profile pictures. Failure to adhere to this would have led to the deletion of the comments posted by the fans. This was followed by the reaction by a fan who sought to stop the company from dicta ting on what they wished to do. However the company reacted by claiming their ownership of the intellectual property and gave the fan the choice to leave the fan page if he so desired insisting that the rule they set must be followed. The responses by Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s facebook public relations staffs to comments posted by fans on their wall either expressed sarcasm or antagonism. This created negative feelings in some of their customers some of whom decided to keep away from the company’s products. Here the company failed to see the positive side of alteration of the company logo and instead took it as an intellectual property robbery (Broida, 2010). The main public relations problem arose from the company responses which went against the public relations principle on customers’ insult by the company. This was also against one of their principles which sought to portray the company as customer minded with its success underpinned on professionalism, good conduct and m anagement and employees’ responsible attitude. These aside Nestle also was on the spot light for sourcing Sinar Mas palm oil used for various products like kit Kat. The source of problem here arose from the amount of emissions of carbon dioxide gas which had negative effects on humans and animals alike. This was followed by the upload of a video clip by Greenpeace in the internet which was supposed to be an international campaign against nestle (Fantis, 2010). In this case as before, the company’s public relations team failed to respond to the crisis in the right way. Instead of trying to save its reputation in the face of crisis, the company contacted Google with a request to remove the video clip.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The effect of the social media on this campaign was to spread this clip widely within a short period of time. Various social media networks such as twitter, facebook among others posted this video clip and the reaction by many was to keep off from buying Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s products. The crisis by Nestle is just an example to point at, a piece of an iceberg (Broida, 2010). Social media has been a great force which has brought both success and great challenges to corporate world in relation to public relations activities. Literature Review The introduction of social network sites such as facebook, Myspace, Twitter, Cyworld among others has attracted users in terms of millions most of whom use the sites on daily basis. Most of these networks allow users to share matters of common interest such as sports, politics and other issues and views. According to Boyd and Ellison (2007), social network is defined as a service based on the web site that allows an individual to construct a profile which can either be public or semi public. The site also allows articulation of other users who share a common value, and also al lows the user to go through the list of connections of their own and those created by other users within the same network (Boyd, 2008). Apart from enabling users to meet strangers, these social networks also allow users to articulate their minds through the network. Though different social networks differ in technical features employed, they have some common features such as Friend’s list, profile photo among others. The sites also help the user to develop a profile by answering a questionnaire generated by the system (Donath and Boyd, 2004). The visibility of these profiles differs from social site to the other and also depending on the preferences of the user. The sites also prompt the user to find friends or followers to form a communication relationship with them. They are also developed with a mechanism that allows users to post comments on others profiles and also to share their views on various issues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Crises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since 2003, the social sites have experienced exponential growth attracting both corporate and individual users locally and globally. These social sites have enabled users to create representation of self online (Boyd, 2008). The accuracy of these representations of self varies from users to users. Some users fail to provide true representation and instead prefer to use fake representation. There are also issues of self representation in relation to the articulation of friendship in the social network as noted by Boyd and Ellison. Social network sites provide a rich source of information to companies which can help in market research. They provide information on the behavior of users and possible indicators of their preferences. This helps a company a great deal in research and development and also to market the product and the company through these social network sites. However the sites prese nt a challenge to companies in relation to the public relation activities. This arises from the speed at which a comment can be relayed across the network. Therefore, reputation of the company can easily be damaged before they have a chance to control the problem, if unfavourable information about the company leaks in the social network media. Methodology Social media crises can be explained from the view point of Goffman’s concepts. According to him, the reaction of the self to social regulation is based on unfocussed and focused interaction. Therefore, the agreement between individuals on a single visual attention and cognitive focus leads to focused interaction (Goffman, 1959). On the other hand, communication between people as a result of an individual being in the presence of another results in the unfocused interaction. The interactions always occur during encounters which can either be face to face or the interaction of a group with a given attribute. The basic methods employed include fronts, idealization, and dramatic realization among others. The frontal approach is vital for a face to face interaction. In this case an individual uses his appearance, physical settings and expressive items. The individual is confronted by a choice of predefined set which are finite, or meet the consequences of an improper front considered insulting to the observer (Goffman, 1959).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Front includes aspects such as face which involves the struggle by an individual to maintain a given identity in a social settings, and region behavior based on defined regions by the perceptions. Dramatic realization involves the use of gestures by an individual to obscure facts and to link two actions one of which is not as conspicuous as the other with the aim of making them appear as one. On the other hand idealization expresses themselves in roles that have what is accepted as a social value. In this concept, a person creates a reality alternate to the existing one which forces others to see only the end product instead of showing evidence of undesirable action that is used to have the work done (Goffman, 1967). In case of misrepresentation, an individual looks for signs of contradictions which can be used to build the case against the party considered as insincere. This probably is what led to the crises experienced by Nestle since their principles were inconsistent with their actions and those of its employees. The concept of mystification explains the tendency of an individual to avoid areas likely to expose his flaws. In other words there is always an effort by an individual to hide his flaws. Other concepts include the reality concept which explains the behavior of individuals to portray themselves as sincere and honest, irrelevance rules and transformation rules. Analysis Social media crises can be explained through Goffman’s concepts. The front concept guides an individual to choose between what is considered right and the consequences of not doing this. Media crises in most cases has resulted due the ignorance of corporate bodies to consider this social value which give rise to conflict between corporate bodies and the society (Goffman, 1959). The screenshot below is an example of the consequences of Nestle Company’s failure choose front acceptable to the society. Another source of social media crises arise when audience perceive a company as not being sincere. The can be detected by individuals from activities of the corporate body on its social site which may be inconsistent with its actions in the physical world (Goffman, 1967). An example to point at is that of Nestle Company whose principle on professionalism of its employees was inconsistent with their actions which created a public relation issues exemplified below. Social network crises can arise also when an organization tries its hide its flaws. This creates a problem when individuals realizes. The leakage of such information into the social media is always followed by fast transmission from one social media network user to the other therefore giving a company a challenge which sometimes may lead to the destruction of the company’s reputation. Conclusion Social media presents opportunities and threats to companies. The major challenge however involves public relations managements of the company’s affairs in the social media. To manage social media, a company should employ people with high level of professionalism to man their social media profile. The company should also try as much as possible to provide accurate information. To counter negative information about the company in the social media, the company should be as honest as possible. References Boyd, D. and Ellison, N., B. (2007). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 13(1), article 11. Boyd,D. (2008). Why youth (heart) social network sites: The role of networked publics in teenage social life. In D. Buckingham (Ed.), Youth, Identity, and Digital Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Broida, R. (2010). Nestle’s Facebook Page: How a Company Really Screw up Social Media. Web. Donath, J., Boyd, D. (2004). Public displays of connection. BT Technology Journal, 22(4), 71-82. Fantis, S. (2010). It’s a Social Media Crisis- Epic Failure for ‘killer’ Nestle? Web. Goffman, E. (1 959). Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: DoubleDay Anchors. Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction Rituals. New York: Pantheon Books. Owyang, J. (2011). A Chronological of Brands that Got Punk’d by Social Media. Web. This essay on Social Media Crises was written and submitted by user Hindsight Lad to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom American Culture during the 1820 and 1830s essay

buy custom American Culture during the 1820 and 1830s essay In the 1820s and the 1830s, America faced the era of democracy and era of eradicating slavery. During this period, America experienced the niche of democracy and there it involved national politics. In terms of democracy, the most prominent thing that was being addressed was the issue of slavery and the way it could be abolished from the system (Holt, 1983). Artists like Harriet Beecher Stowe advocated for a non-slavery culture; she wrote about the accounts of abolitionists and slavery in her book Uncle Toms cabin. This brought about the abolitionist transformation. In 1831, William Lloyd Garrison started publishing The Liberator, an abolitionist newspaper dedicated to equality for all Americans including the African Americans (CliffsNotes). There was radical abolition movement that was meant to eradicate slavery. Many historians were included in this era that included Robert Abzug, Richard Blackett, Aileen Kraditor among others. These fellows brought about the changing culture of America accepting African Americans as equal, and tried to eradicate slavery (Green, 2009). In this time, there also emerged a movement called Young American Movement, which was led by Stephen Douglas. The movement was meant to embrace and enhance commerce, technology, and internationalism. Through the combination of these two facts, the America became a great success. This culture brought about the Lincoln- Douglas debates. Lincoln said that the US could not be divided more to success as a half slave and half-free state (Johannsen, 1965). This would not bring up the economic success that the country needed. In this era, the need for democracy emerged, an activity termed as American Renaissance came to existence. It involved usage of newspapers, magazines, and communication articles to portray democracy. This was tested by poets like Whitman and Emily Dickinson; they used unrhymed and off rhyme verses to portray their messages. Most of the themes that they put on their articles were for slave liberation and economic enhancements. Buy custom American Culture during the 1820 and 1830s essay

voices in the city essays

voices in the city essays Voices in the city(Anita Desai) Voices in the city is a pessimistic novel like Cry the peacock.The protagonists of this novel are detached , self-centered and remain aloof from others just as Maya in Cry the peacock, who alienates herself from the rest.What they always wanted was shadows,silence and stillness and that was what they were left with. Nirode the main character is an editor of a newspaper. The novel begins with the scene at the station when nirode comes to see his brother off. When the train departs he starts introspecting , compares his capabilities and achievements with Aruns. He broods over the way he has grown up with his shortcomings and laidback attitude.Wonders the way he has whiled away his time since childhood and has been a looser always.This thought (realization) makes him envy Arun who has always been the winner. In this novel the life of Calcutta has been portrayed . The characters of this novel especially Nirode and his sister Monisha feel themselves detached from this city.They find it difficult to cope up with its busy life where people are so ambitious and rapacious.Their mother who lives in Kalimpong is also like any of the calcuttians and that is the reason they dont approve of certain things about her.Nirode never replies to her letters never feels the need of her embrace and shelter because he thinks she is having an affair with Major Chaddha. He finds her lusty at this age and fels that she is no more concerned about her childrens feelings and emotions.Even the company his friends dosent excite him and he becomes a loner. Thinking that after reaching lofty heights there is no other way than to descend to the bottom , Nirode feels why not to take a shortcut and remain at the bottom since this is the ultimate destination.Because he has never achieved anything in his life , he starts living revelling in the f...

Jenny Lind - Swedish Opera Singer Promoted By P.T. Barnum

Jenny Lind - Swedish Opera Singer Promoted By P.T. Barnum Jenny Lind was a European opera star who came to America in 1850 for a tour promoted by the great showman Phineas T. Barnum. When her ship arrived in New York Harbor, the city went crazy. A massive crowd of more than 30,000 New Yorkers greeted her. And what makes that especially astounding is that no one in America had ever heard her voice. Barnum, who relished being known as The Prince of Humbug, had managed to create incredible excitement based purely on Linds reputation as The Swedish Nightinagle. The American tour lasted for about 18 months, with Jenny Lind appearing in more than 90 concerts in American cities. Wherever she went, her public image of a virtuous songbird who dressed modestly and donated money to local charities gained favorable mentions in the newspapers. After about a year, Lind split from Barnums management. But the atmosphere created by Barnum in promoting a singer no one in America had even heard became legendary, and in some ways created a template for show business promotion that endures to the modern era. Early Life of Jenny Lind Jenny Lind was born October 6, 1820 to an impoverished and unmarried mother in Stockholm, Sweden. Her parents were both musicians, and young Jenny began singing at a very early age. As a child she began formal music lessons, and by the age of 21 she was singing in Paris. She returned to Stockholm and performed in a number of operas. Throughout the 1840s her fame grew in Europe. In 1847 she performed in London for Queen Victoria, and her ability to make crowds swoon became legendary. Phineas T. Barnum Heard About, But Had Not Heard, Jenny Lind The American showman Phineas T. Barnum, who operated an extremely popular museum in New York City and was known for exhibiting the diminutive superstar General Tom Thumb, heard about Jenny Lind and sent a representative to make an offer to bring her to America. Jenny Lind drove a hard bargain with Barnum, demanding that he deposit the equivalent of nearly $200,000 in a London bank as an advance payment before she would sail to America. Barnum had to borrow the money, but he arranged for her to come to New York and embark on a concert tour of the United States. Barnum, of course, was taking a considerable risk. In the days before recorded sound, people in America, including Barnum himself, had not even heard Jenny Lind sing. But Barnum knew her reputation for thrilling crowds, and set to work making Americans excited. Lind had acquired a new nickname, â€Å"The Swedish Nightingale,† and Barnum made sure that Americans heard about her. Rather than promote her as a serious musical talent, Barnum made it sound like Jenny Lind was some mystical being blessed with a heavenly voice. 1850 Arrival in New York City Jenny Lind sailed from Liverpool, England, in August 1850 aboard the steamship Atlantic. As the steamer entered New York harbor, signal flags let crowds know that Jenny Lind was arriving. Barnum approached in a small boat, boarded the steamship, and met his star for the first time. As the Atlantic approached its dock at the foot of Canal Street massive crowds began to gather. According to a book published in 1851, Jenny Lind in America, â€Å"some thirty or forty thousand people must have must have been collected together on the adjacent piers and shipping, as well as on all the roofs and in all the windows fronting the water.† The New York police had to push back the enormous crowds so Barnum and Jenny Lind could take a carriage to her hotel, the Irving House on Broadway. As night fell a parade of New York fire companies, carrying torches, escorted a group of local musicians who played serenades to Jenny Lind. Journalists estimated the crowd that night at  more than 20,000 revelers. Barnum had succeeded in drawing enormous crowds to Jenny Lind before she had even sung a single note in America. First Concert in America During her first week in New York, Jenny Lind made excursions to various concert halls with Barnum, to see which might be good enough to hold her concerts. Crowds followed their progress about the city, and anticipation for her concerts kept growing. Barnum finally announced that Jenny Lind would sing at Castle Garden. And as demand for tickets was so great, he announced that the first tickets would be sold by auction. The auction was held, and the first ticket to a Jenny Lind concert in America was sold for $225, an expensive concert ticket by today’s standards and a simply staggering amount in 1850. Most of the tickets to her first concert sold for about six dollars, but the publicity surrounding someone paying more than $200 for a ticket served its purpose. People across America read about it, and it seemed the whole country was curious to hear her. Lind’s first New York City concert was held at Castle Garden on September 11, 1850, before a crowd of about 1,500. She sang selections from operas, and finished with a new song written for her as a salute to the United States. When she had finished, the crowd roared and demanded that Barnum take the stage. The great showman came out and gave a brief speech in which he stated that Jenny Lind was going to donate a portion of the proceeds from her concerts to American charities. The crowd went wild. American Concert Tour Everywhere she went there was a Jenny Lind mania. Crowds greeted her and every concert sold out nearly immediately. She sang in Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, DC, Richmond, Virginia, and Charleston, South Carolina. Barnum even arranged for her to sail to Havana, Cuba, where she sang several concerts before sailing to New Orleans. After performing concerts in New Orleans, she sailed up the Mississippi on a riverboat. She performed in a church in the town of Natchez to a wildly appreciative rustic audience. Her tour continued to St. Louis, Nashville, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and other cities. Crowds flocked to hear her, and those who couldn’t hear get tickets marveled at her generosity, as newspapers ran reports of the charitable contributions she was making along the way. At some point Jenny Lind and Barnum parted ways. She continued performing in America, but without Barnum’s talents at promotion she was not as big a draw. With the magic seemingly gone, she returned to Europe in 1852. Jenny Lind’s Later Life Jenny Lind married a musician and conductor she had met on her American tour, and they settled in Germany. By the late 1850s they moved to England, where she was still quite popular.  She became  ill in the 1880s, and died in 1887, at the age of 67. Her obituary in the Times of London estimated that her American tour had earned her $3 million, with Barnum making several times more.

Health Services Strategic Marketing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Services Strategic Marketing - Coursework Example Porter’s value chain is significant as a marketing strategy since the manner in which value chain undertakings are conducted influences the cost of product and profit. The value chain emphasizes on systems and the process of changing inputs in to products that are sold to consumers. Porter identified two groups of activities that are essential to any business. Primary activities are necessary in the process of developing, selling, preservation and sustenance of a product or service. Support activities serve as back-up to the primary activities (Fortenberry, 2010). An example of primary activity is Bingham Memorial Hospital’s prescription for customers which depends on effective procurement process of medicines by the organization as a support activity. Another example is human resource management that is a support activity to primary activities such as operations, inbound and outbound logistics as well as sales and marketing. Response to Carla Setzler’s Script Indeed, the consumer purchasing decision is influenced by whether or not he/she perceives the products of a health care organization as valuable. Consumers attach value to employee competence, which is demonstrated by efforts of the organization to train and recruit professionals with the necessary competences. Customer service needs to be highly valued especially the first contact between the customer and the organization because it influences his/her perception regarding the value of product and service offerings (Rothaermel, 2012).

International experiences for Utilization of Solar Energy For Thermal Research Paper

International experiences for Utilization of Solar Energy For Thermal Desalination - Research Paper Example Therefore, there has been a considerable interest in the use of renewable or alternative energy sources to meet the demands of the industry (Eltawil, Zhengming, and Yuan 2009: 2245), since the supply of these renewable forms is potentially unlimited and the generation of energy is almost completely clean. That, and given their low cost of maintenance (Eltawil, Zhengming, and Yuan 2009: 2245), such energy sources, especially the harvesting of solar energy, has been getting much attention lately. The ultimate use of solar energy is for the desalination of brackish water in order to produce and supply WHO approved drinkable water to areas that are almost deprived of fresh water resources (Eltawil, Zhengming, and Yuan 2009: 2246). Water is the fundamental need of humanity, and a fundamental requirement for the functioning of industry and society. However, the overwhelming ratio of water is in the form of seawater or other forms of brackish water; it is estimated that only 3% if water is available as fresh water, and out of that, less than 1% is accessible (Eltawil, Zhengming, and Yuan 2009: 2246). ... Already, over a billion of the world’s population has no access to fresh water, and the demand is likely to increase by 40% of the present amount (Eltawil, Zhengming, and Yuan 2009: 2246). In light of these statistics, it has become imperative that new avenues be explored that should provide with an easy, cheap and clean method of fresh water production. To that end, the utilisation of solar energy is the most effective. This paper analyses three methods of harbouring this technology, namely Multi-effect distillation or MED, Multistage Flash Distillation or MSF, and Reverse Osmosis, the distribution for which is given below. Fig. 1: â€Å"Distribution of renewable energy powered desalination technologies† (Eltawil, Zhengming, and Yuan 2009: 2248). It explores which of these methods is the most efficient and cost-effective. It will start with a discussion of each of these methods, as follows, followed by a study of advantages of MED over the other methods. Multi-effect d istillation, or MED, is the most common and the oldest of all the techniques used for freshwater desalination (Bruggen 2003: 7). It harnesses the concept of evaporation-condensation, in that steam obtained from brackish water by evaporation is allowed to condense at a low temperature and pressure, and the heat thus given off is utilised to evaporate more water from the brine (Bruggen 2003: 7). The water produced upon condensation of steam is collected as non-saline fresh water; the ultimate goal of the set up. It is obvious that initially some energy from an external source would be needed in order to produce steam and start the cycle; the rest of the steps in the cycle are

Patriarchy, the System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patriarchy, the System - Essay Example However, Johnson would want to show to us that these would not be able to present us the actual working social patterns in the society. In order for us to better grasp the vital thoughts of Johnson about patriarchy, being acquainted to the idea of a system, participation and resistance are important concepts that highlight the presence of male privilege and female gender oppression. We shall be able to discuss them in concrete and great detail for us to take hold of the ultimate concept that Johnson would want to share with us. The article entitled â€Å"Patriarchy, the System: An It, Not a He, a Them, or an US† is the actual work of Johnson depicting rich information about patriarchy as a system and how systematic male gender privilege informs sexism. This work is the actual reference of all the concepts and thoughts integrated into the work at hand. This paper explains what Johnson means by Patriarchy, the System, elaborating how male gender privilege and female gender oppre ssion consist of more than simply the actions of individuals. The work at hand also involves examples for us to understand how systematic male gender privilege informs sexism. ... nge of this system, but Johnson believes that the individual choices of actions could make a difference, and even could possibly initiate total system change. Johnson started to define Patriarchy as a system by elaborating some examples of other systems like capitalism and the game ‘monopoly’. For Johnson, in a capitalistic society, every worker has less power to level up with the capitalists and would never have any chance to exercise what they would want to do even if they could (p. 30). The reason is that they are strongly confined within the system that everyone is doing, and so it is hard for an individual to deviate from the entire working system. In a capitalistic society, the rule is to gain, no matter how detailed personal convictions may internally protest or showcase disapproval. For as long as the ultimate goal is achieved in the end, the whole system can be said that it conspires to create a necessary output. In addition, Johnson also provides a detailed exa mple by explaining the working concept of a game called ‘monopoly.’ According to Johnson, this game manifests actual working system, which aids the individual player to best the opponents. The purpose of the game is to win, but prior to winning, there is an actual system that everyone should participate and show no resistance particularly with the working rules (p. 34). The important points that surface in the above two examples are the actual concepts of ‘participation’ and ‘least resistance’ that could help us elaborate the complex system surrounding patriarchy. According to Johnson, socialization is a mechanism for training people to participate (p. 37). As we therefore participate in social systems, we are shaped as individuals leading us to participate in social life via

Looking over the varied strands of the American Women's Movement, Essay

Looking over the varied strands of the American Women's Movement, which approaches do you believe were the most successful, an - Essay Example Such movement’s priorities vary among the feminine from one region, nation, state, and continent. Feminine movement began in the western world in the early centuries and took on various forms. The initial form involved and addressed the issues concerning political equality and suffrage; the second form, partly arising because of the civil right’s movement provided forum for addressing and combating private issues such as sexuality, role in society, childcare considerations for working mothers, power inequality, social and cultural inequalities. The third form involved the rejuvenation of women influence in politics. All the issues spearheaded involve of are focused on women’s issues, and such movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equality in terms of the issues addressed. Feminine movements are always geared towards women empowerment and liberation by breaking the ties that bind and suppress their efforts (Macpherson, p.7). Successful approache s The American women movement succeeded in addressing numerous issues that were tying down the efforts of most of the women population in the past years. There were various approaches which pioneered and addressed such issues of ethnicity, regional differences, class, gender, and the transition from radical to electoral politics. Antislavery (Abolitionism) This was the first abolition movement of the American women, which was used for the campaigns to end slavery. The slavery had been in America since the colonial times, and slaves came to America because of the transatlantic trade between the oceanic countries and both the North and South America. The slaves were subjected to hard labor and harsh treatment from their masters and the foremen chosen to supervise their work. Such conditions prompted the formation of antislavery societies whose main agenda was to abolish the existence of slavery and the entire treatment of other persons as slaves. The antislavery society encountered ha rsh conditions and treatment from the slaveholders, who owned and treated slaves unfairly. The approach of abolitionism was successful because it resulted into the freeing of slaves, slave trade was stopped, slavery abolition Act was formed, and most of the enslaved population enjoyed their freedom rights. They started schools and libraries for the free blacks. (Schomp, p.12). Lobbying This refers to influencing the decisions made by government officials by other individuals, legislators, constituents, and other advocacy groups. It is a form of advocacy that is aimed at influencing the government on certain matters that concern a group of individuals or the entire society. The civil rights movement was concerned with the fight for equality Reform movements They were organized to carry out specific reforms in certain areas by changing elements of the system for the better. These were usually organized by reformist American women. Examples include the civil rights movement, women libe ration among other approaches. The civil movement addressed issues pertaining the equality of women in terms of political rights. This resulted in majority of the women gaining political mileage and having a voice within the system that was

Malaria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Malaria - Essay Example According to statistics given by the Centers for Illness and Prevention, 1925 cases of malaria were detected. This constituted approximately 70% of the population that was affected. The 70% cases were from people who had tours to outside U.S predominantly West Africa and others from India. In U.S, only five cases were reported, and this was approximately 0.25% of the population. Of the five cases reported, one was as a result of blood transfusion, another one from a lab accident, one from a traveler and the remaining two cases from born children whose mother had traveled. Yes, there has been historical case of malaria in the U.S. Back in the year 1930’s, malaria was endemic and concentrated in the 13 states of America. For instance, in the year 1933, malaria had prevailed approximately 30% of the population in the Tennessee River Valley. Another instance of malaria outbreak was recorded in the year 1942, this was during the World War II. Malaria cases were heavily recorded in military base camps. The disease was handled and controlled. Programs like the National Malaria Eradication Program (NMEP) and centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), were initiated in the year 1947 and 1946 respectively, to suppress and help in the eradication of malaria. Preventive measures like spraying of insecticides, DDT, and application of the same to the interior walls of the houses, were used to thwart spreading of malaria. The goals and objectives of the public education plane to control malaria were as follows. One, educate the community about transmission and the causative agent of malaria. Two, provide methods and ways of reducing the spread of disease, in case there is an outbreak (Speybroeck, 2011). Three, give ways in which people can prevent malaria and eradicate it from their vicinities. Four, educate the public on the various organizations that have been established

Performance in Sme in Malaysia Essay Example for Free

Performance in Sme in Malaysia Essay The Auto Industry and the Environment The industry is committed to contributing to an integrated approach, with other stakeholders, to a cleaner environment and reduced carbon emissions. Automakers are constantly developing more ef? cient engines and drive-trains to reduce fuel consumption, and a wide range of sophisticated emissions-control technology is putting cleaner automobiles on the road everywhere. With more and more new vehicles with modern exhaust emissions performance on the road, clear improvements in air quality can be seen. Automakers have invested hugely in reaching these air quality improvements and in developing diverse automobiles that run on alternative fuels including those from sustainable sources or that use hybrid technology using both gasoline or diesel engines and electric power. Because consumers, as well as different regions of the world, favour different technologies, automakers are developing a range of automobiles that run on different fuels. Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Canada China Czech Rep.

International Entrepreneurship Leading To Greater Cultural Understanding Commerce Essay

International Entrepreneurship Leading To Greater Cultural Understanding Commerce Essay Globalization of the world market brings new possibilities as well as enormous hurdles for both established and young businesses. With the emergence of international entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs are concentrating on specific issues that they face operating in complex environments affected by diverse national cultures and institutional influences (Johanson Vahlne, 2009). New global entrepreneurs depend on global networks for resources, distribution, and designs for growth. International entrepreneurs realize that success in a new marketplace requires agility, ingenuity, and certainty with a global viewpoint to acquire sustainability. Thus, global thinking is beneficial since foreign business clients can choose ideas, products, and services from many countries and cultures. However, entering into a foreign environment and culture can also become an obstacle psychologically in and of itself for the individual international entrepreneur (Mitchell et al., 2002). This paper will examin e two areas that focus on the importance of cultural understanding in international entrepreneurship. The first will comprise of how entrepreneurs who expand into international markets must know how to think globally in order to design and adopt strategies for different nations as a business ventures into an uncertain market. The second part will explore how psychological adaptation of the individual entering a foreign culture is interconnected with the international entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs can expand their business by participating in the global market; as every year thousands of small business enterprises are actively engaged in the international field. International entrepreneurship studies have started to focus on specific topics that confront entrepreneurs as they expand their new ventures (Zahra, Korri, Yu, 2005). The definition of international entrepreneurship in this paper will focus on the process of creatively discovering and exploiting opportunities that lie outside of a firms domestic markets in the pursuit of competitive advantage (Zahra George, 2002); across national borders, to create future goods and services (Oviatt McDougall, 2005). This meaning incorporates the process aspect of international entrepreneurship, which focuses on a central issue of why some individuals exploit international opportunities while others equally well placed do not act on them (Zahra, Korri, Yu, 2005). Globalization is a process fuelled by increasing cross border flows of goods, services, money, people, information, and culture (Held et al., 1999, p. 16). However, the use of this term will refer to Guillà ©ns (2001) definition of globalization as a process leading to greater interdependence and mutual awareness among participants in general. Guillà ©n (2001) combines the understanding of globalization as the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole, and as the diffusion of practices, values and technology that have an influence on peoples lives worldwide (Guillà ©n, 2001). Noticing opportunities is normally more difficult in international settings, and the level of uncertainty that the potential entrepreneur must undergo will also be greater. Entrepreneurs able to function successfully in international settings may be both more skilled at noticing opportunities and have a greater capacity to endure the uncertainty associated with international entrepreneurship (Lu Beaamish, 2001). Noticing opportunities is normally more difficult in international settings, and the level of uncertainty that the potential entrepreneur must endure will also be greater (Coviello, 2006). Oviatt and McDougall (2005) emphasized that international entrepreneurs display the intention to compete in multiple locales at the inception of the firm to exploit existing international opportunities and would have the intention to do so when they started their firms (McNaughton, 2003). Starting a firm is a difficult process under the best of circumstances. International business scholars have traditionally argued that internationalization is difficult because firms had to overcome a liability of foreignness, although Johanson and Vahlne (2009) have recently acknowledge that being part of an effective network and prior knowledge can greatly accelerate the international entrepreneurship process. This liability of foreignness was based on the fact that firms and entrepreneurs lacked knowledge about doing business in other countries, which meant they had to endure the costs of learning and the discomfort of uncertainty (Lu Beaamish 2001). However, by positioning themselves in relevan t networks, or because of their past experience, many entrepreneurs have high levels of operational knowledge about foreign markets. In this manner, the traditional approaches for dealing with the liability of foreignness of either imitating local firms or by transferring unique organizational or managerial competences to their foreign unit (Sapienza et al., 2006) have been supplemented with a knowledge component, which is more related to uncertainty. There has been an acknowledgement that firms could begin to internationalize sooner and Sapienza et al. (2006, p. 915) suggest that the earlier a firm internationalizes, the more deeply imprinted its dynamic capability for exploiting opportunities in foreign markets will be. Others have pointed out the benefits of internationalizing earlier, or at least exporting at an earlier stage (Kundu Katz 2003). This may be because although there is a cost to learning, early entrants begin this process sooner (Autio, Sapienza, Almeida, 2000) an d at least some suggest they should do this before they actually start the firm (Coviello, 2006). An entrepreneur who would like to take advantage of international markets may have to study a foreign language, may have lived abroad and may be face with culture shock. Entrepreneurs must realize their companys competitive advantage such as: technology, price, financial superiority, or marketing, product innovation, an efficient distribution network or possession of exclusive information about the foreign market (Sapienza et al., 2006). Declining market conditions at home may cause entrepreneurs to seek foreign markets to help their business. Successful global entrepreneurs should have the following characteristics: a global vision, international management experience, innovative marketing or technology processes, a strong international business network, and effective organizational coordination worldwide (Lee, Peng, Barney, 2007). When global opportunities occur, entrepreneurs are likely more open-minded about internationalizing. The advantage of international trade is that a companys market is expanded much and growth prospects are greatly raised. Other advantages include minimizing seasonal slumps, reducing idle capacity, getting knowledgeable about products not sold in target markets, technology used in other countries, and learning about other cultures (Johnson, Lenartowicz, Apud, 2006). Before going to a foreign market, it is essential to study the unique culture of the potential consumers. Concepts of how the product is used, psychographics, demographics, and political norms as well as legal normally differ from an entrepreneurs home country (Miller Parkhe, 2002). De Tienne Chandler (2004) suggest that entrepreneurs must consider five factors relative to the country and cultures that the business venture will inhabit. First, they must study foreign government regulations: patent, import regulations, t rademark laws, and copyright that affect their products. Second, they must know political climate: relationship between business and government or public attitudes and political events in a given country affect foreign business transactions. Third, they must consider infrastructure: packaging, distribution system, and shipping of their export product. Fourth, they must research distribution channels: accepted trade both retail and wholesale, service charges and normal commissions, distribution agreements and laws pertain to agency. And fifth, they must study competition: number of competitors in target nations and their market share, as well as their price, place, product and promotion. Additionally, they must find market size: of their product stability, size, country by country, and know what nations are markets expanding, opening, maturing, or declining (De Tienne Chandler, 2004). Eventually, entrepreneurs must understand culture of their products. Small businesses can study int ernational cultures by business travel, participating in training programs, reading the current literature, and undertaking formal educational programs. Small business, who wants to sell product on a worldwide basis must realize different standardization in each country. In some cases, goods must be adapted for different local markets if it is to be accepted and consumer goods always require much more adaptation (Johanson Vahlne, 2009). One issue related to international opportunity is why individuals in home countries are not the ones that take action on these opportunities, which would seem logical, as they are better positioned to notice. This question is especially important because research indicates that local firms usually have higher levels of performance than do foreign firms (Miller Parkhe, 2002). While the matter of liability of foreignness is present in some cases, this relates to firms competing in the same industry. Thus, when locals begin to imitate the foreign firm, they may in fact end up with higher levels of performance, because of factors such as lower lawsuit awards (Mezias, 2002). However, national average levels of entrepreneurship to uncertainty, opportunity, and cognition uncertainty avoidance are not identical across countries (Hofstede, 2001). This suggests that although it is possible that both a local and foreigner notice a specific opportunity at the same time, the local may not act fo r both the fear of failure and stigma attached to that failure in certain cultures (Lee, Peng, Barney, 2007). Thus, the potential entrepreneur must also be willing to endure the uncertainty associated with acting on these opportunities. To gain insight into effective professional task performance across cultures, an understanding of effective communication and psychological adaptation has to be complemented by an exploration of the effect of culture on task process. Over the last few years studies on cross cultural competencies in different professional fields have started to emerge. Examining the relationship between national culture and entrepreneurship is an important emerging subject matter in international entrepreneurship (Hayton, George, Zahra, 2002). The sociological viewpoint on entrepreneurship proposes that entrepreneurs are intertwined in a social framework and their cognitive process and behaviours are shaped by the interactions between the environment and entrepreneur (Zahr, Korri, Yu, 2005). There is also evidence of the impact of national cultural values on the characteristics and behaviour of individual entrepreneurs (Mitchell et al., 2002). Mitchell et al. (2002) confirmed that entrepreneurs share a set of cultural values, regardless of their national origin or cultural background. However, it appears that whilst some core values are shared across different countries and cultures, some of the behaviours of individual entrepreneurs reflect the value system of their respected national culture. With regards to adaptation in international entrepreneurship, entering into a foreign environment is not a transition for the business venture alone. The actors, international entrepreneurs, involved are also plunging into same the foreign environment (Hofstede, 2001). Entering a new culture means commencing to share a pattern of thinking, feeling, reacting, and problem-solving (Saee, 1999). Cross-cultural psychology argues that unfamiliar cultural territory negatively affects an individuals affective, both the sense making and cognitive mechanisms, and undermines the appropriateness and effectiveness of their behavioural responses (Maznevski Lane, 2004). This happens when individuals are unable to accurately perceive and interpret the alien cultural environment, nor explain or predict the behaviour of people with different cultural backgrounds (Maznevski Lane, 2004). Evidence suggests that exposure to a foreign cultural environment can cause culture shock, a psychological conditio n which adversely affects psychological and affective states (Johnson et al., 2006). Saee (1999) contends that opportunity identification competencies developed in an entrepreneurs home cultural environment may not be sufficient to perceive a high level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy about performing the task of identifying opportunities across borders and cultures. Cross-cultural studies have explored the challenges that a foreign cultural environment poses to human behaviour, cognition, and professional performance. Human behaviour is considered the coping mechanism that individuals consequently develop. Some researchers suggest that building this coping mechanism, in individuals, amounts to developing a global mindset or cultural intelligence (Maznevski Lane, 2004; Early Mosakowski, 2004). According to Maznevski and Lane (2004, p. 172), a global mindset is the ability to develop and interpret criteria for personal and business performance that are independent from the assumptions of a single country, culture, or context; then to adequately implement those in different countries, cultures, and contexts. Cultural intelligence is seen as the ability to interpret the foreigners behaviour the way the foreigners countryman would (Earley Mosakowsi, 2004). Cross-cultural competence is defined as the appropriateness and effectiveness of ones behavi our in a foreign cultural environment (Mitchell et al., 2000). Psychological adaptation is considered the centre point of personal traits and attributes that help generate internal responses in an unfamiliar environment by managing stress (Saee, 1999). Successful adaptation to a host cultural environment requires the abilities to be mindful, to tolerate ambiguity, and the ability to explain and make accurate predictions of strangers behaviour (Saee, 1999). This also includes the levels of anxiety and uncertainty that affect the intercultural encounter (Saee, 1999). CONCLUSION: International entrepreneurs actually face greater uncertainty than is generally common in more established businesses, which benefit from learning and experience, because international entrepreneurship is about the implementation of a new innovative business. There is an uncertainty to entrepreneurship and the role it plays in initiating the process. Mitchell et al., (2000) observes that entrepreneurial action is a result of overcoming and paralysis that is caused by the uncertainty that precedes the entrepreneurial act. Guillà ©n (2001) adds that the key concept that entrepreneurs create new combinations, which become the innovations that are the engine of economic growth. The entrepreneur is likely to see the opportunity as relatively certain. This is important with regards to international entrepreneurship in that exploiting an international opportunity requires more than dealing with operational certainty; there is also a high level of cultural uncertainty that the entrepreneur has to endure to ensure the new ventures prosperity. The volume of research on international entrepreneurship supports the notion that a period of domestic development is no longer necessary for many firms and that international entrepreneurship is possible at the time the firm is established or shortly thereafter. However, consideration must be taken with respect to the foreign culture a venture will go into and the psychological affects upon the entrepreneurs joining in the venture. Effective operation in the globalised economy requires that entrepreneurs develop new skills and competencies. Some of these skills and competences are needed to deal with national and regional cultural differences that are becoming intense with the continuance of globalisation (De Tienne Chandler, 2004). (Authors) believe that current and future international entrepreneurs need to develop cross-cultural competence to successfully identify business opportunities.